Yabancı Dil- II Bölüm - 9

But, And,Or, So, And, After, Before CONJUNCTIONS But, And,Or, So, And, After, Before

«Conjunctions» are used between two sentences or two ideas. «And» gerek isimleri gerek cümleleri birleştirmek için kullanılır, VE anlamına gelir. My mother is reading a book and my father is watching TV. I like birds and dogs.

«Or» isimleri yada cümleleri birleştirmek için kullanılır, VEYA- YA DA anlamına gelir. Are you drinking coffee or tea? You should find a pencil or pen. We can study math or English. Matematik ya da İngilizce çalışabiliriz. We can go to the park or to the zoo. Parka ya da hayvanat bahçesine gidebiliriz.

-«But» iki cümle arasında yer alan bu bağlaç «ama,fakat,ancak» gibi anlamlara gelir. Bu bağlaçtan önce genellikle virgül kullanılır. They are going to the movies but I am doing my homework. He hurt his knee, but he didn’t cry. He gave me his phone number but I lost it. Bana telefon numarasını verdi ama ben kaybettim.

«However» But ile aynı anlamdadır ancak But, bağlaçtır ve iki cümleciği birbirine bağlar. However ise zarftır ve iki cümleyi gramatik olarak birbirine bağlamaz. Bu yüzden However dan önce nokta yada noktalı virgül kullanılır. I don’t like him, but I agree that he’s a good manager. Onu sevmem ama/bununla birlikte iyi bir yönetici olduğunu kabul ediyorum. I don’t like him. However, I agree that he’s a good manager. Onu sevmem. Bununla birlikte iyi bir yönetici olduğunu kabul ediyorum.

«So» bu yüzden ,dolayısıyla anlamına sahiptir «So» bu yüzden ,dolayısıyla anlamına sahiptir. Bu bağlaç neden-sonuç ilişkisi bildirir. I’m tired, so I’m going to bed. The film was very long, so we got home late. I don’t know English so I don’t understand the tourists.

«Although- Though» iki cümleyi birleştirebilir ve cümlenin en başında ya da ortasında kullanılır. Although ifadesinden sonra her zaman kurallı bir cümle gelir. Although/ Though I live in Bristol, I work in London. Although/ Though I had money, I didn’t buy those shoes yesterday. Although he is rich, he has no girl friend. --> Zengin olmasına rağmen, hiç kız arkadaşı yok. Although the weather was so hot, he went out with a coat. --> Hava çok sıcak olmasına rağmen, o palto ile dışarı çıktı. Jane’s parents want her to be a medical doctor even though she is a talented musician ,

«After» ….-den sonra anlamına gelir. After I wash my hands, I have breakfast. I went shopping after I finished houseworks. We played football after we ate pizza. She will start the job after she leaves the university. After you have typed these letters , you can go.

«Before» ….-den önce anlamına gelir. Before I go, I must phone my parents. I ate my dinner before you came here. They left the party before Jane sang a song. Before I wake up, my husband prepares breakfast every morning .

EXERCISES A) Rephrase the sentences beginning with the words in brackets:   She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although) ………………………………………………………………………………… They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though) He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although) He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them. (Although) She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (though)

Fill in the blanks with «Because,And,So,but,or» I can pass the exam …………I study hard. Keep quiet ……… go out. They said that the movie was fantastic,…….. I watched it. She went to the shops………she couldn't find anything. Everybody likes him …………. he is nice and helpful. He plays tennis…….. football. I asked for a drink ……….. I was very thirsty.

Fill in the blanks with «but-and-or» They are at a party ………they aren’t enjoying it. Do you like swimming ……….. running most? Susan is playing the piano……… she is playing very well. The team playing very well ……. They are winning tha game. She is very tired ……..she is still working.

Use «However- Although/Though» Fran and Penny are good friends, but they often argue. …………….. Fran and Penny are good friends, they often argue. The new tax system is practical but it is not very popular. The new tax system is practical. …………..,it’s not very popular. She doesn’t earn very much money .She is always well dressed. ……………she doesn’t earn much money, she is always well dressed. In most of Canada, English is the official language. ……………, in the province of Quebec, the official language is French.

Use «BUT- SO» The film was very long, ……… it was interesting. ……… we got home late. The restaurant is very expensive, ……… the food is terrible. ………only rich people go there. I’m studying hard, ……… I don’t have much free time. ………. I’m not making much progress. I’ve got her address, ……… I can write to her. ……… I haven’t got her phone number.

Use «After- Before You will not be hungry……… you eat. Every night, ……..I brush my teeth, I go to bed. ………… the girl fell asleep, she had a strange dream. You have to pack your suitcase ………..you go to the airport. ……….. I swam, I sunbathed on the beach. I buy plane tickets.……….. I book our rooms in the hotel.