Risk Factors for AKI Dr Itır Yeğanağa KOU Tıp Fakültesi

Incidence of ARF: 1%-25%; depends on the definition Mortality of ARF: 28%-90% Schaefer JH…Intensive Care Med 1991, 17:19-24 Brivet FG… Crit Care Med 1996, 24: Baldaya AP… Am J Kidney Dis 1996, 28 (suppl):s81-89 De Mendoca A… Intensive Care Med 2000, 26:

E Hoste..Crit Care Med 2008,36suppl4:

In the community setting; 17 per milion per year age <50, 620 per milion per year age age % hospital admission in the USA Hospital aquired AKI 5-7% Community aquired less then X 5-10 R Pisoni..Nephron Clin Practice 2008,109:

Hospital-aquired ARF University hospitals in the USA (2002) Incidence of ARF: 7.2% Overall Mortality:19.4%, Required Dialysis 2.7% Regain normal RF:38.6% Higher serum creatinine, older age, sepsis risk for higher mortality Pre-exist. of CKD threefold risk for ARF Nash K… Am J Kidney Dis 2002,39:

Medicare Analysis ARF increases 11% per year Mort. Decreases 38.8% to 32.2% Required Dialysis mort. 45.7% to 44.6% Risk factor: Older age, male gender, black race.. Secondary ARF; having sepsis, ICU stay, other organ dysfunction CA Block… The Epidemiology and outcome of acute renal failure and the impact on chronic kidney disease Semianars in Dialysis 2006,19:6,

Brivet study (prospective, multicenter) (French Study Group on Acute Renal Failure) C rit Care Med 1996,24:2, patients, (in 20 ICU) Age,(OR:1.55; ) previous health status,(2.35; ) Severity of illness(SAPS) (1.54; ) disease characteristics; initial or delayed ARF, oliguria,(2.22; ) sepsis(48%)(higher mort.rate 73%/45%) (2.32; )

ARF in Critically Ill PICARD study-618 patients ( ) with ARF in USA (5 academic center) overall mortality 37% non-recovery of renal function 50% ARF on CKD mort.lower (31%/41%) Mort. increases in relation of the number of organ failure Require dialysis; 64% RL Mehta…Kidney Int :

PICARD study Comorbities are more common then before; 1. 30% CKD 2. 37% Coronary arter disease 3. 29% DM 4. 21%chronic liver disease

RL Mehta…Kidney Int :

ARF in Critically Ill BEST Study; multicenter,54center, 23country multinational (Europe+ABD+far east ) 29,269 critcall ill patients 1,738 (5.7%), ARF mort.:60.30% Septic shock; most common 47.50% Pre-existing CKD; 30% RRT requir.; 2/3 of patients RRT at discharge; 13.8% S Uchino…JAMA 2005,294:

ARF in Critically Ill BEST Study Mechanical ventilation Bilirubin Age Hypotension Sepsis Platetelet Oliguria Multivariate logistic regression analysis signifcant for hospital mortality S Uchino…JAMA 2005,294:

“BEST Kidney” Çalışma gurubunun sonuçları (Hastane ölüm oranı için bağımsız risk faktörleri) (S Uchino…JAMA 2005,294: ) Vasopressör Risk oranı 1.95 %95güvenirlilik Mekanik vent Septik şok Kardiyojenik şok Hepatorenal sendrom

(Europian Sociaty of Intensive Care Medicine) SOFA study group 40 ICU, 16 country (europian) ; 1411 patients Acute circulatory or respiratory failure Age>65 Presence of infection Chronic heart failure history Lymphoma, leukemia Cirrhosis A De Mendonça…Intensive Care Med :

Risk factors for developing ARF(SOFAstudy) Acute circulatory or respiratory failure Age>65 Presence of infection Chronic heart failure history Lymphoma, leukemia Cirrhosis A De Mendonça…Intense Care Med :

A De Mendonça…Intensive Care Med :

Lower creatinine level with increased mortality;dose manner J Cerda…Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007,22: R Cartin-Ceba… Crit Care Med 2007,35: Higher creatinine level higher mortality MM O’Brian…Kidney Int 2002,62: SG Coca… Am J Kidney Dis 2007,50:

Low serum albumin/risk for ARF GN Cloritides…Ren Failure 2000,22: MM Ward…Arch Int Med 1988,148:

ARF major complication of cardiopulmonary bypass op.(CPB) Poor cardiac performance baseline renal insuffiency PJ Conlon…Nephrol Dial Trans 1999,14:

ARF Risk for trauma patient Age, ISS>17 Hemoperitoneum Shock Hypotension rabdomyolysis; CPK>10000, Acute lung injury;mechanical ventilation GCS<10 G Vivino… Intensiv Care Med 1998,24:

Common variables in 12 AKI severity scores S Uchino.. Nephron Clin Pract 2008,109:

Risk factors for developing ARF 257 (sepsis/SIRS)hastanın 29’unda ABY ortaya çıktı(%11) Bu oran genel anlamda çeşitli çalışmalarda %1-31 olarak bildirilmiştir. Yegenaga et al Am J Kidney Dis 2004, 43:

Gent YBÜ’de 2001 yılında ABY ve sepsisden ölüm oranları Yüzde oranı Yegenaga et al Am J Kidney Dis 2004, 43:

Yoğun Bakımda sepsis’de ABY gelişme risk faktörleri Hastaların yaşı, Serum krt.düzeylerinin normalin üst düzeyinde olması MVB yüksek olması İdrar miktarının azalmış olması Asidozun derin ve tedaviye dirençli olması Ortalama arter basınçlarının tedaviye rağmen düşük seyretmesi Siroz öyküsü varlığı Yegenaga et al Am J Kidney Dis 2004, 43:

Sepsiste ABY gelişiminin klinik göstergeleri Göstergeler ABYyokABY Yaş (yıl) 55.1   13.3* S.alb (mg%) 2.7   0.6* CVP day 1 (mmHg) CVP day 2 (mmHg) 5.2    4.3* 8.3  3.9* Kolloid sıvı 3days (ml) 1116   1681* S.kr gün 1(mg%) S.kr artışı; mg% (d1-d2) 1.0    0.39*  0.58* Diures d1 (ml) 1852   649* Diyastol KB mm Hg (g1) 50.7   8.7 OAB mm Hg (g1) 67.9   12.4 Yegenaga et al Am J Kidney Dis 2004, 43:

Multivariate logistic regression Coef.βExp.β95%conf.interv.p Bilirubin> Age Crt.mg/dl CVP (cmH2O) Constant Yegenaga et al Am J Kidney Dis 2004, 43:

Yoğun Bakımda ABY gelişme risk faktörleri 185 patients, retrospective CVP with ARF:8mm/Hg; without ARF:5mm/Hg, p=0.008 pH 1mg/dl ise ABY gelişme riski 6 kat daha fazla Hoste ve ark. J.Am Soc Nephrol, 2003,14:

EVALUATION OF SEPSIS/SIRS, ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND RIFLE CRITERA IN TWO TERTIARY HOSPITAL ICU OF TURKEY (unpublished data) 109 patients (Kocaeli), 30 patients (Marmara) Sepsis/SIRS, Definition of AKI based on RIFLE

Clinical characteristic of patients AKI (n=79)Non-AKI (n=60)p Age(year)58.7± ± SOFA score10.07± ± Diabetes Mellitus22(27.5%)7(11.7%) Day-1 Lowest Syst.BP(mmHg) 92.61± ± Day-1 Lowest CVP(cmH2O) 9.25± ± Fluid balance (intake/output) (ml/24h) ± ± No of patients on vasopressors 50(62.5%)19(31.7%) Died in Hosp52(65%)21(35%)0.001

Biochemical parameters of cases AKINo-AKIp Lowest Hct value(%)29.24± ± Urea(mg/dL)64.41± ± Creatinine(mg/dL)1.26± ± Prothrombin time(%)18.19± ± pH lowest7.31± ± Bicarbonate lowest19.96± ±

Multivariate Logistic Regression Coeficient βExpβ95% confident interval p SOFA Creatinine (mg/dL Lowest systolicBP ( if<80mmHg-yes or no)(mmHg) Difference between input/output(mL/24h) Constant

S Bagshow.. Critical Care 2008,12:R47 ANZIKS Database 33,375 sepsis included 14,039(27.8%) septic AKI

S Bagshow.. Critical Care 2008,12:R47 ANZIKS Database

Positive fluid balance an unfavorable outcome JP Mitchel…Am Rev Respir Dis 1992,145: Mean fluid balance, for per Liter OR 1,21(1,13- 1,28) p=0.001 D Payen.. Critical Care 2008,12:3

Failing to achieve a negative fluid balance within 3 days of treatment mort. increases RR=5.0 (CI 2,3-10,9) F Alsous… Chest 2000, 117:

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