2- Classical Organizational Theory

Article- James G. March, “The Study of Organizations and Organizing Since 1945”, 2007  This piece compares and explains the studies done in the field of management in the historical perspective since 1945 to nowadays.  The author emphesizes that the field of management is hetergenous and definitely developed by the influence of the commitment of people from different diciplines.

The Organizational Theory was mainly influenced by the three important events of the 20th century: 1. Second World War 2. Social and Political movements between 1960s and 1970s (Europe and USA) 3. The fall of the İron Curtain (USSSR) and the increase of the markets.

Organizational approach is not limited with 20 th century: - Western Roots (Aristotle) - Renaissance and Reform movements in Europe (developments in political science and search for ideal stateand management) - The period prior to 1930s: Social engeneering approach: The rise of the Hitler’s Germany.

First European scholars worked on management and administratiom: USA based scholars: Emile DurkheimAlfred Marshall Rober MichelsGaetano Mosca Alfredo ParetoAdam Smith Max WeberHenri Fayol Lyndall Urwick Luther GulickMary Parker Follet Elton MayoFrederick Taylor John Dewey

Second World War and Changes: - The US had become an attractiveand safe placefor academic studies because of the eceonmic properity nd developments of the country. The research was improved and done by the scholars (Jews) who ran from Germany and Austria. - İncrease in academic publications Peter BlauFritz MachlupAnatol Rappopart Fritz Heider Jakop Marschok Joseph Schumpeter Alfred SchützOskar Morgenstern Friedrich A. Von Hayek Ludwig von Mises John von Neumann

1965, Rand McNally, Handbook of Organizations  One of the first studies in the field, sets the common principles of management on various organizations via different  Aftermtah of the War studies focus on this type of reseach II. Wave / Protest Movements in 1960s and 1970s - Aftermath of World War Two European scholars draws different way comapşng to their American collegues. Many new scholars star new studies şn the field. The economic recovery after the World War Two plays a huge role. - There are different developments in different countries in the field of administration and management - The influence of Protest and ve counter-culture movements - The pessimist attitude against the social reshape policies of 1950s - The increase of the number of the Quantitative studies.

The Fall of the USSR - The dall of the USSR in 1991 and bipolar World becomes one polar. - There is demand for the thoughts and ideas of Avustrian School among students and academicians. - The transformation from Public management organization to Business oriented administration approach. - The prominence of concnepts such as: Leadership, unionization and entrepreneurship

Günümüz ? İşletme Odaklı Örgüt Kuramı Yaklaşımı - Genel yönetim bilimleri yaklaşımından ziyade işletme okulu odaklı örgüt / yönetim yaklaşımının gelişimi. - Ekonomi, psikoloji, siyaset bilimi gibi sosyal bilimlerle etkileşim. - Özel sektör üzerine yapılan çalışmalara odaklanma. Kamu sektörüne yönelik yapılan çalışmalardan uzaklaşma - Firma üzerine odaklanma. Örgüt kavramına yoğunlaşmaktan ziyade örgüt performansı gibi çalışmalara yoğunlaşma. - Toplumsal stratejiler yerine örgüt stratejisi üzerine yoğunlaşma.

Yönetim / örgüt kuramlarının geleceği ? ve 70’ler yaşanan olaylar nedeniyle disiplin davranış bilimleri ve pozitif bilimlerinin katkısıyla gelişme seyri izleyecektir. - Küresel ekonomik, politik ve kültürel bağların artması örgüt çalışmalarını etkilemektedir. Bilgi teknolojilerinin gelişimi vb. - ABD ve Avrupa’nın ekonomik, politik ve kültürel merkezler olarak rollerinin azalmaya başlaması (Doğu Asya ekonomilerinin yükselişi) - Refahın dağılımında yaşanan değişim. …