SITUATIONS Duruma UygunDüşen İfade

Soru kökünün son cümlesine dikkat etmeli Soru kökünün son cümlesinde, cevap olarak vereceğimiz ifadenin amacının ne olduğu, hangi dil işlevini yerine getireceği belirtilmektedir. Örneğin, amaç izin istemek ise bu işi yapısal olarak “may, can, could” gibi kip belirteçleri kullanılacaktır.

Konuşma durumunda verilen iletişimsel içeriği saptayın Kullanılacak ifadenin soru kökünde geçen insanlardan-taraflardan hangisince söyleneceğine dikkat etmek gerekir. Bağlama uygun görünen bir ifade gerçekte ne söyleyeceği sorulan kişi tarafından söylenecek söz olmayabilir.

A friend's child has knocked over a vase and broken it A friend's child has knocked over a vase and broken it. They are both very sorry, and you want to comfort them and stop them feeling bad about it and say: That was one of the more expensive items in the collection.  What a naughty child you have! I think you are to blame for the damage he has done. Well, I am really sorry because of my son’s fault. I do not know what to say!  There's no harm done. Actually, that's a vase that I've never cared for.  I should have kept such a valuable vase in a safe place.

İletişim durumunun biçimselliğini (formality) doğru saptayın. Toplantı, resmi ortam ya da ilişkilerle alakalı durumlarla, aile ya da arkadaş ortamı gibi samimi durumlarda konuşanların kimler olduğu ve birbirlerine göre durumları önemlidir.

İletişimsel durum ile söylenecek söz arasındaki anlam ilişkisi önemlidir Sadece son cümlede geçen “ikna etme, özür dileme, izin verme, yardım isteme” ifadelerine uygunluk değil bu hususların içeriği ne için ikna edileceği ya da izin isteneceği de önemlidir.

İletişimsel durumda söylenecek sözün içerik açısından eksik ya da fazla olmaması gerekir Doğru seçeneğin dışındaki çeldirici seçenekte az ya da kısmi bilgi ya da ilgililik durumu olabilir

Soru kökünde dolaylı anlatım olup olmadığına dikkat etmelidir Abartma (overstatement), iğneleme (sarcasm) veya mecazi anlatım (figurative speech) kullanılmış olabilir.

EXAMPLES

I worked late at the office. Why? When a friend phones you and asks "Where were you last night?" you suddenly realize you'd promised to go round and see her, but hadn't done so. She's a close friend and you are always open and honest with each other. You say: I worked late at the office. Why?  Oh dear! I simply forgot. I'm so sorry.  I was just about to phone you about it. I thought you were coming round here. That's very kind of you. I should have let you know earlier.

On the news you learn that there has been a substantial drop in the price of a number of shares including some you have. You feel alarmed and need reliable advice immediately. You call a close friend who is an expert in these matters. As he's not available you leave a message with his secretary for him: There's something I would like to discuss with you. Call me when it's convenient.  It's extremely urgent. Please call me as soon as possible. I desperately need your advice about some shares.  You've always given me reliable advice. I need some more today. I'll call later again.  I hear share prices are falling. When you're free tell me what to do with mine.  I've called to get your advice about whether or not it could be profitable to buy more shares now.

You have accepted an invitation to give a lecture to a group of geologists. You have been looking forward to this but, on the morning of the day your talk has been scheduled for, your wife is suddenly taken seriously so you cannot leave her. You call the organizers immediately to cancel your lecture and express your apologies. You say: Unfortunately my wife has been ill for a long time, and I feel I cannot commit myself to give a talk.  Unfortunately my wife has not recovered as far as I expected, so I have to cancel my talk today.  Since my wife is suffering from a serious illness I suggest you postpone today's talk.  I'm sorry to have to let you know that I cannot possibly give my talk today owing to my wife'sunexpected illness this morning.  Due to my wife's ill health, I am reluctantly giving up all my lecture engagements.

You are leading a delegation for your country authorized to negotiate for the settlement of a border dispute with a neighbouring country. So far the negotiations with the opposite delegation have gone well, and an agreement has almost been reached. However, you need a final consultation with your authorities and therefore suggest a short break in the negotiations. So you say to the other delegation: I suggest we suspend the negotiations now and meet again some other time.  I propose we adjourn for a short while, say for two hours, since I need to review the situation with my government.  We consider the terms you have put forward reasonably acceptable, and will sign the document after the break.  This border dispute has gone on far too long; it's time we settled it for good.  The agreement we have already reached must first be approved by our governments.

The position of Undersecretary in the Ministry has fallen vacant The position of Undersecretary in the Ministry has fallen vacant. From various quarters, both inside and outside the Ministry, you had been given the impression that you were likely to be appointed to the position. However, this did not happen, and someone else was appointed. Naturally you feel disappointed and admit this to a close friend, saying Believe me I couldn't care less about what's happened.  It was unfair of them to encourage me and then appoint someone else; it's very dishonest of them.  It's quite a relief to know that a really qualified person has been appointed to this position at such a critical time.  Well, I have to admit that I might have found the additional responsibility rather trying.  I really had every reason to believe the position was mine; so now I know it isn't I do feel rather upset.