Egzersizin Nörogenezis Üzerine Etkisi Dr. Yakup Zühtü BİRİNCİ Uludağ Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi

Erişkinlerde çoklu basamaklardan oluşan hipokampal nörogenezis; -sinir kök hücrelerinin proliferasyonunu -apoptozisden kaçan sinir hücrelerinin göçünü -belirli bir nöronal fenotipe farklılaşmasını -morfolojik ve fizyolojik açıdan olgunlaşan nöronların sinirsel devrelere fonksiyonel entegrasyonunu içermektedir. Kaptan, Z., & Üzüm, G. (2016). Erişkin Hipokampal Nörogenezin Öğrenme ve Hafıza Fonksiyonlarındaki Rolü. Turkish Journal of Neurology/Turk Noroloji Dergisi, 22(4). Lledo, P. M., Alonso, M., & Grubb, M. S. (2006). Adult neurogenesis and functional plasticity in neuronal circuits. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(3), Zhao, C., Deng, W., & Gage, F. H. (2008). Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis. Cell, 132(4),

(veritabanından tarihinde alındı.) Nörogenezis, beyinde nöral kök hücrelerden fonksiyonel nöron oluşmasını ifade eder.

Braun, S. M., & Jessberger, S. (2014). Adult neurogenesis: mechanisms and functional significance. Development, 141(10),

Ramon y Cajal Altman, J., & Das, G. D. (1965). Post-natal origin of microneurones in the rat brain. Nature, 207(5000), Joseph Altman Gross, C. G. (2000). Neurogenesis in the adult brain: death of a dogma. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 1(1),

Brann, J. H., & Firestein, S. J. (2014). A lifetime of neurogenesis in the olfactory system. Frontiers in neuroscience, 8. Braun, S. M., & Jessberger, S. (2014). Adult neurogenesis: mechanisms and functional significance. Development, 141(10),

Olfaktör bulbus / Subventriküler Bölge Dentat Girus / Subgranüler Bölge Ming, G. L., & Song, H. (2005). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian central nervous system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci., 28,

veritabanından tarihinde alınmıştır.

Braun, S. M., & Jessberger, S. (2014). Adult neurogenesis: mechanisms and functional significance. Development, 141(10),

Sidman, R. L., Miale, I. L., & Feder, N. (1959). Cell proliferation and migration in the primitive ependymal zone; an autoradiographic study of histogenesis in the nervous system. Experimental neurology, 1(4), Gratzner, H. G. (1982). Monoclonal antibody to 5-bromo-and 5-iododeoxyuridine: a new reagent for detection of DNA replication. Science, 218(4571), Gould, E., & Gross, C. G. (2002). Neurogenesis in adult mammals: some progress and problems. Journal of Neuroscience, 22(3), Sidman ve diğ., (1959) [H3 ]-thymidine (Otoradyografi) Gratzner, (1982) Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) (en yaygın) fenotipik analiz ve stereolojik nicelik için immünohisitokimya düşük dozaj problem olabiliyor proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Jansen et al. 2006; Manganas et al. 2007), may lead to a better way to study the regulation of cell genesis by exercise in the human brain.

Braun, S. M., & Jessberger, S. (2014). Adult neurogenesis: mechanisms and functional significance. Development, 141(10),

Yau, S. Y., Li, A., Sun, X., Fontaine, C. J., Christie, B. R., & So, K. F. (2016). Potential Biomarkers for Physical Exercise-Induced Brain Health. In Role of Biomarkers in Medicine. InTech.

Mechanisms Underlying Effects of Exercise on Neurogenesis Physical activity can change the function of neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Voluntary exercise affect the expression of hippocampal genes related to synaptic plasticity (Tong et al. 2001). One study in rats, it was found that after 1 month of running mRNA levels for NR2B, the glutamate receptor 5 and BDNF gene expression were increased by exercise. Exercise induced changes in glutamatergic function may influence the production and function of new neurons in the adult brain. Physical activity also activates monoamines (Chaouloff 1989) and enhances recovery from depression (Lawlor and Hopker 2001). In addition, it was observed that 2 h of daily running increases the survival of newly generated cells.

Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L.,... & Wojcicki, T. R. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7),

Aerobik EgzersizStretching

Trejo, J. L., Herrera, A., Fontán-Lozano, Á., Pons, S., & Gradari, S. (2017). Effects of Physical Exercise on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Changes in DNA Methylation and a Focus on Smad2 Gene. The FASEB Journal, 31(1 Supplement), lb40-lb40.

Kozareva, D. A., O'Leary, O. F., Cryan, J. F., & Nolan, Y. M. (2017). Deletion of TLX and social isolation impairs exercise‐induced neurogenesis in the adolescent hippocampus. Hippocampus.

Mastrorilli, V., Scopa, C., Saraulli, D., Costanzi, M., Scardigli, R., Rouault, J. P.,... & Tirone, F. (2017). Physical exercise rescues defective neural stem cells and neurogenesis in the adult subventricular zone of Btg1 knockout mice. Brain Structure and Function, 1-22.

Coulson, E. J., & Bartlett, P. F. (2017). An exercise path to preventing Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry. Morris, J. K., Vidoni, E. D., Johnson, D. K., Van Sciver, A., Mahnken, J. D., Honea, R. A.,... & Burns, J. M. (2017). Aerobic exercise for Alzheimer's disease: A randomized controlled pilot trial. PloS one, 12(2), e