Better Training for Safer Food

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Better Training for Safer Food Food safety Better Training for Safer Food Initiative Training on Control of zoonoses 2.3 Interlinking Salmonella control at the different stages of production Antonia RICCI Food safety

Tüzük EC 2160/2003 - hedefler Bu tüzük, Salmonella’nın ve diğer zoonotik bakterilerin tekrarlanma sıklıklarını ve kamu sağlığına teşkil ettikleri riski azaltmak amacıyla üretim zincirinin ilgili tüm aşamalarında, özellikle de birincil üretim seviyesinde söz konusu bakterilerin tespiti ve kontrol edilmesine yönelik doğru ve etkili önlemlerin alınmasını sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. 1 Food safety

Kontrol stratejisi Sıkı biyogüvenlik önlemleri Pozitif sürülerin bulunduğu çiftliklerin temizlenmesi ve dezenfeksiyonu Özellikle tekrarlanma sıklığının yüksek olduğu damızlıkların ve yumurtlayan kanatlıların aşılanması Pozitif sürülerin itlafı (damızlık ve yumurtacı) 2 Food safety

Oto kontrol programları Çiftliğin ve sorumlu özel veterinerin tanımlanması Çiftliğin yapısı ve tanımı Biyogüvenlik önlemlerinin uygulanması Salmonella spp. tespiti için numune alma planları Salmonella testleri yapan özel akredite laboratuvarın tanımlanması Pozitif vakaların yönetimi (SE/ST‘den farklı serotipler için pozitivite durumunda da) Oto kontrol programı Yetkili Makam tarafından onaylanmalıdır 3 Food safety

“The owner of the farms has to prepare the own checks program” GUIDELINE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OWN CHECK PROGRAM 4 Food safety

OTOKONTROL PROGRAMI İÇİN ANA HATLAR Tavuk broiler sürülerinde Salmonella Enteritidis ve Typhimurium ulusal kontrol programı OTOKONTROL PROGRAMI İÇİN ANA HATLAR Bu belge çiftlik otokontrol programının hazırlanması için bir örnek teşkil eder. Çiftlik Adı Çiftlik Kodu LHU Otokontrol programı, onay vermeden önce değişiklik yapılmasını talep edebilecek Yetkili Makama sunulmalıdır; onay hem işletme sahibi hem de Yetkili Otorite tarafından muhafaza edilecek ayrı bir belgede belirtilmelidir. 5 Food safety

1. Çiftlik organizasyonu ve yapının tanımı INDEKS: 1. Çiftlik organizasyonu ve yapının tanımı 1. Üretim döngüsünün tanımı: hayvanların kökeni, gerekli sağlık garantileri Yem: yem maddesi tedarikçisi, su kalitesi Evlerin, çiftliğin çevresinin temizlenmesi ve dezenfeksiyonu ve kemirgen kontrolü: organizasyon, uygulama ve doğrulama için sorumlulukların tanımı. Numune alma sıklığı ve protokolü ve aktedite laboratuvar Belge yönetimi 1. Pozitif sonuçların yönetimi 2. Programın onayı 6 Food safety

Commitment declaration Food safety Commitment declaration All the procedures described are aimed to prevent salmonella infection. They are periodically verified in their efficiency. According to this, Dr. ………………………………….. as veterinarian responsible for the implementation of the own checks program and the farmer Mr. …………………………….. are committed to apply the own checks program. The veterinarian TO BE FILLED IN BY THE LHU Dr. official veterinarian of LHU has verified and approved the Own Checks Program on the Signature 7

PROGRAM COMMUNICATION Food safety BROILER FARMS Gallus Gallus OWN CHECKS RESTOCKING PROGRAM COMMUNICATION - Communication of own Transmission report checks program Approval and Restocking form of own checks - Communication of positive verification of /Restocking web results results for SE and ST own checks - Keeping of own checks program results LHUs Official samples Epidemiology Department with accompanying Results In case of positive results form SE/ST: Diagnostic labs Transmission of epidemiological investigation Results Transmission positive results SE and ST Transmission of epidemiological IZSVe – NRL investigations /CREV 8 MINISTRY / EU Periodical reports REGION are submitted to

Tüzük EC 1177/2006 NEDEN? Antimikrobiyal direnç riski 1091/2005 sayılı Tüzüğü fesheder. 1177/2006 sayılı Tüzük, kanatlılardaki salmonella için ulusal kontrol programları çerçevesinde özel kontrol yöntemlerine ilişkindir: - Salmonella’yı kontrol etmeye yönelik özel bir yöntem olarak antimikrobiyal kullanımı yasaklanmıştır. NEDEN? Antimikrobiyal direnç riski Bulaşma süresinin artması sürü içinde tekrarlanma sıklığını azaltır, dolayısıyla izleme sistemlerinin duyarlılığı azalır 9 Food safety

Aşılama, özellikle sürüde tekrarlanma sıklığı yüksekse, Salmonalla karşı tavukların direncini arttırmak için ek bir önlem olarak görülmektedir. Bu tür bir aşılama, özellikle daha önce kontamine olmuş bir kümese yerleştirilen yumurta tavukları için tamamen koruyucu olmamakla birlikte, fekal bulaşma, ovaryal bulaşma ve sürü içi tekrarlanma sıklığını azaltarak sofra yumurtasının ve çevrenin kontamine olma olasılığını azaltabilir. Daha da önemlisi, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium’a karşı aşılama yumurta içi kontaminasyonu azaltarak kamu sağlığına doğrudan etkide bulunabilir. Yumurtacı tavuklarda Salmonella’nın azaltılmasına yönelik yeni bir hedef belirlenmesinin kamu sağlığına etkisinin niceliksel hesaplaması 10 EFSA Journal 2010; 8(4):1546 Food safety

Food safety

Main problems with vaccine administration Killed vaccines Operating speed too fast Vaccine gun filling/calibration problems Wrong injection site – leakage Missed doses Live vaccines Insufficient water tank capacity Failure to thirst birds No use of water stabiliser Poor draining and priming of water lines Failure to check vaccine distribution (dye) 12 Food safety Food safety

The role of feedingstuffs In regions with low prevalence status, where endemic infection is well controlled or absent, Salmonella contaminated feed is the major source for introducing Salmonella into the animal food production. In other regions with high prevalence, although it is difficult to quantify, the relative importance of feed as compared to other sources of Salmonella may be lower. In all situations, there is a possibility of introducing Salmonella in animal production via feed, which would compromise the results of other control measures. Although the most common Salmonella serotypes occurring in humans are seldom found in animal feedstuffs in most countries, some serotypes found in feed are also found in humans. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards on Microbiological Risk Assessment in feedingstuffs for food producing animals. The EFSA Journal 13 (2008) 720, 1-84 Food safety

producing animals. The EFSA Journal (2008) 720, 1-84 The ten most common serotypes of Salmonella isolated from soy beans imported from South America to Norway and from the environment of the importing crushing plant during the period 1999 – 2007. (Denofa, 2007) – data provided by industry. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Biological Hazards on Microbiological Risk Assessment in feedingstuffs for food 14 producing animals. The EFSA Journal (2008) 720, 1-84 Food safety

Total number consignments of different vegetable feed proteins imported to Sweden during 2004-05 and number found Salmonella contaminated (Wierup, 15 2006) Food safety

Yemde kontrol seçenekleri Özel hatlar ya da tesisler (damızlıklar) İHU ve İÜU (ham maddeler, çevre hijyeni) Isıl işlem Yeniden bulaşmanın kontrolü (hava sirkülasyonu!) Organik asitler Testlerin çok düşük bir duyarlılığı vardır 16 Food safety

Microbiological criteria for foodstuffs Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on Microbiological criteria for foodstuffs 17 Food safety

process hygiene criteria Reg. (CE) 2073/2005 Salmonella food safety criteria and…… process hygiene criteria Poultry 18 Food safety

Food safety criteria “Salmonella in poultry” Reg. (EC ) n 2073/2005 Food category Micro- organisms/their toxins, metabolites Sampling-plan (1) Limits (2) Analytical reference method (3) Stage where the criterion applies n c m M 1.5 Minced meat and meat preparations made from poultry meat intended to be eaten cooked Salmonella 5 From 1.1.2006 Absence in 10 g From 1.1.2010 Absence in 25 g EN/ISO 6579 Products placed on the market during their shelf- life 1.9 Meat products made from poultry meat intended to be eaten cooked 19 Food safety

Process hygiene criteria: “Salmonella in poultry” Reg. (EC ) n 2073/2005 Food category Micro-organisms Sampling plane(1) limits Analytical reference method Action in case of unsatisfactory results n c m M 2.1.5 Poultry carcases of broilers and turkeys Salmonella 50 (5) C=7 From 1.1.2012 c=5 per polli da carne Absence in 25 g of a pooled sample of neck EN/ISO 6579 Carcases after chilling Improvements in slaughter hygiene and review of process controls, origin of animals and biosecurity measures in the farms of origin skin (5) The 50 samples are derived from 10 consecutive sampling sessions in accordance with the sampling rules and frequencies laid down in this Regulation. 20 Food safety

Reg. (EC) n.1086/2011 21 Food safety

Poultry meat preparation: chicken Fresh poultry meat: chicken breast Reg. CE 1086/2011 + S. Enteritidis S. Typhimurium Esito Sfavorevole Intended to be cooked Sampling plan: n=5 Poultry meat preparation: chicken brochette Reg. CE 2073/2005 + S. Enteritidis S.Typhimurium Sampling plan: n=5 Intended to be cooked Esito Sfavorevole Food safety

Reg. CE 1086/2011 Salmonella Hadar Sampling plan: n=5 Fresh poultry meat: chicken breast Reg. CE 1086/2011 Salmonella Hadar Intended to be cooked Sampling plan: n=5 Poultry meat preparation: chicken brochette Reg. CE 2073/2005 Salmonella Hadar Sampling plan: n=5 Intended to be cooked Food safety

Information flows 24 Food safety

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Food safety 26

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Steps in a foodborne outbreak investigation 32 Food safety

Distribution of strong-evidence outbreaks by food vehicle in the EU, 2013 Bovine meat and products thereof, 3.6% Buffet meals, 3.7% Sweets and chocolate, 4.2% Vegetables and juices and other products thereof, 4.4% Bakery products, 2.6% Tap water, 1.1% N=839 Eggs and egg products 18.5 % Broiler meat (Gallus gallus) and products thereof 5.2 % Other foodstuffs 15.4 % 7.2 % Other or mixed meat and products thereof 7.3 % 7.7 % 10.7 % Crustaceans, shellfish, molluscs and products thereof 8.5 % Mixed food Pig meat and products thereof Fish and fish products Food safety 33 Data from: European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2015. The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in 2013. ©EFSA/ECDC, 2015. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged.

CONCLUSIONS EU operational strategy based on monitoring, risk analysis and control programmes aimed at gradual prevalence reduction Importance of biosecurity, vaccination, slaughtering of positive flocks (breeders) Need for integration among different information systems on foodborne zoonoses Need for collaboration among different operators of production system and public health services Need for laboratory standardization and harmonisation, in order to ensure comparability of results 34 Food safety

BTSF Project Management Unit Food safety Project Management Unit 17, Avenue André Marie Ampère 64140 Lons - France amr_20149605@aets-consultants.com Tel : +33 (0)5 59 72 43 23 Better Training for Safer Food BTSF European Commission Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency DRB A3/042 L-2920 Luxembourg Food safety