İSKELET VE KAS SİSTEMİ Dr. Güvenç GÖRGÜLÜ.

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1 İSKELET VE KAS SİSTEMİ Dr. Güvenç GÖRGÜLÜ

2 Anatomik Terimler: düzlemler
Median yada mid-sagittal     Sagittal yada paramedian    Koronal yada frontal Transvers yada yatay

3 Anatomik Terimler:Lokasyon(Konumlandırma)
1. Kranial - kafaya doğru 2. Kaudal – ayaklara doğru 3. Medial – ortaya doğru 4. Lateral – kenardan yada kenara doğru 5. Proksimal – ekstremitelerin (kol ve bacaklar) bağlantı yerlerine doğru 6. Distal – ekstermeitelerde parmaklara doğru 7. Süperior - yukarı 8. İnferior - aşağı 9. Anterior – önden / öne doğru 10. Posterior – arkadan / arkaya doğru 11. Periferal – yüzeye doğru 12. Palmer – avuç içi / içine doğru 13. Plantar – ayak taban içi / içine doğru

4 1. Lateral rotasyon 2. medial rotasyon 3. Supinasyon 4. Pronasyon 5. Eversiyon 6. İnversiyon 7. Adduksiyon 8. Abduksiyon

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8 1. Kafatası 2. Mandibula 3. Hiyoid Kemik 4. Servikal Omurlar 5. Klavikula 6. Sternum 7. Kostal Kıkırdak 8. Kosta (Kaburga) 9. Skapula 10. Humerus 11. Radius 12. Ulna 13. Karpal Kemikler 14. Metakarpal Kemikler 15. El parmak kemikleri 16. Göğüs omurları 17. Bel Omurları 18. Sakrum 19. Os Koksa (İleum-İschium-Pubis) 20. Femur 21. Patella 22. Tibia 23. Fibula 24. Tarsal Kemikler 25. Metatarsal Kemikler 26. Ayak parmak kemikleri

9 Kafatası Önden Görünüş
1. Frontal Kemik 2. Supra-Orbital Foramen 3. Orbit (Orbital Boşluk) 4. Superior Orbital Yarık 5. Inferior Orbital Yarık 6. Zygomatic Kemik 7. Infra-Orbital Açıklık 8. Maksilla 9. Mandibula 10. Mental Açıklık 11. Insisif Çukur 12. Simfisis 13. Vomer 14. Inferior Nazal Boynuzcuk 15. Orta Nazal Boynuzcuk 16. Etmoid Kemik 17. Nazal Kemik 18. Lakrimal Kemik

10 Lateral (Yandan) Görünüş
1. Parietal Kemik 2. Koronal Sutur 3. Frontal Kemik 4. Nasal Kemik 5. Vomer 6. Lacrimal Kemik 7. Ethmoid (orbital kısmı) 8. Zigomatic Kemik 9. Maksilla 10. Mandibulanın gövdesi 11. Mandibular Ramus 12. Koronoid Uzantı 13. Mandibular Kondil 14. Mental Açıklık 15. Stiloid Uzantı 16. Eksternal Acoustic Meatus 17. Mastoid Uzantı 18. Zigomatik Uzantı 19. Temporal Kemik 20. Greater Wing of Sfenoid 21. Inferior Temporal Çizgi 22. Superior Temporal Çizgi 23. Skuamozal Sutur 24. Lambdoidal Sutur 25. Oksipital Kemik Lateral (Yandan) Görünüş

11 Arka/Üstten Görünüş 1. Parietal Kemik 2. Sagital Sutur 3.
Lambdoid Sutur 4. Oksipital Kemik 5. Eksternal Oksipital Protruberans 6. Superior Nuchal Line 7. Inferior Nuchal Line

12 Üstten Görünüş 1. Oksipital Kemik 2. Lambdoidal Sütür 3.
Parietal Kemik 4. Sagittal Sütür 5. Koronal Sütür 6. Frontal Kemik

13 Kafatası (alttan) 1. Anterior Palatine Foramen 2.
Palatine Process of Maxilla 3. Palatine (Damak) 4. Greater Palatine Foramen 5. Lesser Palatine Foramen 6. Pterygoid Processes of Sphenoid 7. Zygomatic Process (Uzantı) 8. Squamous Part of Temporal Bone 9. Mandibular Fossa 10. Styloid Process 11. Stylomastoid Foramen 12. Mastoid Process 13. Mastoid Foramen 14. Superior Nuchal Line 15. External Occipital Protruberance 16. Median Nuchal Line 17. Inferior Nuchal Line 18. Foramen Magnum (Büyük Açıklık) 19. Condyloid Canal 20. Occipital Condyle 21. Hypoglossal Canal 22. Jugular Foramen 23. Karotid Kanal (Beyin atardamarı için) 24. Foramen Spinosum 25. Foramen Ovale 26. Foramen Lacerum 27. Vomer 28. Transverse Palatine Suture 29. Median Palatine Suture

14 Anterolateral Fontanel 4. Future Squamosal Suture 5.
Fetal Skull 1. Future Coronal Suture 2. Anterior Fontanel 3. Anterolateral Fontanel 4. Future Squamosal Suture 5. Posterolateral Fontanel 6. Future Lamdoidal Suture 7. External Acoustic Meatus 8. Future Sagittal Suture 9. Posterior Fontanel

15 Mandibula 1. Mandibular Condyle 2. Mandibular Notch 3.
Coronoid Process 4. Ramus 5. Angle 6. Oblique Line 7. Body 8. Alveolar Process 9. Mental Foramen 10. Mylohyoid Line 11. Mandibular Foramen

16 OMURGA (ÖNDEN GÖRÜNÜM)

17 Coccyx (Kuyruk sokumu)
OMURGA (Profilden:Yandan) Cervical (Boyun) omurlar Thoracic (Göğüs) omurlar Lumbar (Bel) omurlar Sacral (Sağrı) omurlar Coccyx (Kuyruk sokumu) omurlar

18 OMURİLİK

19 GÖĞÜS KAFESİ

20 EKLEMLER

21 EL KEMİKLERİ

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23 AYAK KEMİKLERİ

24 AYAK (Plantar)

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27 Atlas 1. Superior Articular Surface 2. Transverse Foramen 3.
Transverse Process 4. Odontoid (Dens) Facet 5. Vertebral Foramen 6. Inferior Articular Surface

28 Axis 1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina 3. Transverse Process 4. Pedicle 5.
Superior Articular Surface 6. Odontoid Process (Dens) 7. Body 8. Vertebral Foramen 9. Inferior Articular Surface

29 Cervical (C3 - C7) 1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina 3.
Superior Articular Surface 4. Transverse Foramen 5. Transverse Process 6. Body 7. Pedicle 8. Vertebral Foramen

30 Superior Articular Surface
Thoracic 1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina 3. Superior Articular Surface 4. Transverse Process 5. Pedicle 6. Body 7. Vertebral Foramen 8. Articular Facet for Rib 9. Inferior Articular Surface

31 Lumbar 1. Spinous Process 2. Lamina 3. Superior Articular Surface 4.
Transverse Process 5. Pedicle 6. Body 7. Vertebral Foramen 8. Inferior Articular Surface

32 Sacrum 1. Promontory 2. Transverse Ridges 3. Coccyx 4. Body of Sacrum
5. Sacral Canal 6. Superior Articular Surface 7. Median Sacral Crest 8. Sacrum to Ilium Articular Surface 9. Dorsal Sacral Foramina 10. Sacral Hiatus

33 Rib & Vertebra Articulated
1. Articular Facet of Rib 2. Interarticular Crest 3. Neck 4. Articular Portion of Tubercle 5. Nonarticular Portion of Tubercle 6. Angle of Rib 7. Costal Groove 8. Body of Rib 9. Articular Facet of Transverse Process 10. Transverse Process 11. Spinous Process 12. Lamina 13. Vertebral Foramen Rib & Vertebra Articulated

34 Sternum 1. Jugular Notch 2. Manubrium 3. Sternal Angle 4. Body (Gladiolus) 5. Xiphoid Process

35 Left Scapula (Posterior Aspect)
1. Coracoid Process 2. Scapular Notch 3. Superior Margin 4. Supraspinatus Fossa 5. Superior Angle 6. Scapular Spine 7. Vertebral Margin 8. Infraspinatus Fossa 9. Inferior Angle 10. Axillary Margin 11. Glenoid Cavity Margin 12. Acromion Process

36 Right Humerus - Proximal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head 2. Anatomical Neck 3. Lesser Tubercle 4. Intertubercular Groove 5. Greater Tubercle 6. Surgical Neck 7. Deltoid Tuberosity

37 Right Humerus - Distal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Radial Fossa 2. Lateral Epicondyle 3. Capitulum 4. Trochlea 5. Medial Epicondyle 6. Coronoid Fossa 7. Olecranon Fossa

38 Right Ulna - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Olecranon Process 2. Semilunar Notch 3. Coronoid Process 4. Tuberosity 5. Radial Notch 6. Ulna (Shaft) 7. Head of Ulna 8. Styloid Process

39 Right Radius - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head of Radius 2. Neck of Radius 3. Radial Tuberosity 4. Radius (Shaft) 5. Styloid Process 6. Ulnar Notch

40 Bones of the Right Hand (Dorsal Surface)
1. Styloid Process of Radius 2. Navicular (Scaphoid) 3. Lunate 4. Triquetral 5. Pisiform 6. Trapezium 7. Trapezoid 8. Capitate 9. Hamate 10. Metacarpal 11. Proximal Phalange 12. Middle Phalange 13. Distal Phalange 14. Styloid Process of Ulna

41 Left Os Coxa (Lateral Aspect)
1. Anterior Superior Spine 2. Iliac Crest 3. Posterior Superior Spine 4. Posterior Inferior Spine 5. Greater Sciatic Notch 6. Body of Ilium 7. Ischial Spine 8. Lesser Sciatic Notch 9. Body of Ischium 10. Ischial Tuberosity 11. Obturator Foramen 12. Inferior Ramus of Ischium 13. Inferior Ramus of Pubis 14. Body of Pubis 15. Acetabulum 16. Anterior Inferior Spine

42 Left Femur - Proximal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Head 2. Neck 3. Greater Trochanter 4. Intertrochanteric Line 5. Lesser Trochanter 6. Shaft of Femur 7. Gluteal Tuberosity 8. Intertrochanteric Crest 9. Linea Aspera

43 Left Femur - Distal End (Anterior & Posterior Aspects)
1. Medial Condyle 2. Lateral Condyle 3. Intercondylar Fossa

44 Left Tibia - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Intercondylar Eminence 2. Lateral Condyle 3. Tibial Tuberosity 4. Anterior Crest 5. Medial Condyle 6. Anterior Surface 7. Medial Malleolus

45 Left Fibula - Proximal & Distal End (Anterior Aspect)
1. Head of Fibula 2. Neck of Fibula 3. Anterior Crest 4. Lateral Malleolus

46 Bones of the Left Foot (Lateral Aspect)
1. Calcaneus (Topuk) 2. Talus 3. Navicular 4. Cuboid 5. Cuneiform, First 6. Cuneiform, Second 7. Cuneiform, Third 8. Metatarsal

47 Knee - Anterior & Posterior Aspects
1. Tibial Collateral Ligament 2. Medial Condyle of Femur 3. Posterior Cruciate Ligament 4. Anterior Cruciate Ligament 5. Lateral Condyle of Femur 6. Fibular Collateral Ligament 7. Lateral Condyle of Tibia 8. Lateral Meniscus 9. Medial Meniscus 10. Medial Condyle of Tibia 11. Tibia 12. Fibula 13. Transverse Ligament

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53 Human Anatomy - Front View of Muscles

54 Human Anatomy - Back View of Muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

55 KAS ÇEŞİTLERİ

56                              Skeletal muscle               Smooth muscle                Cardiac muscle                              Skeletal muscle               Smooth muscle                Cardiac muscle

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