Kay 235: Introduction to Management Lecture 11 Subject: Managing Information Technology Reading: Starling, Chapter 12

A public manager’s world(s) Courtesy of Sharon Dawes Technology 10,000 mph Organization & management 1000 mph Public policies 10 mph

Teknoloji % 20 % 80 Değişim yönetimi İş süreçlerinin yeniden tanımlanması Hukuki altyapı Projelerin tanıtımına yönelik iletişim modeli geliştirilmesi (Kurum içi ve kurum dışı) Kaynak: Altınok vd., 2009.

Technology is penetrating into every aspect of our lives

e-Transformation E-Government E-business/ trade -Demanding services from the government, which are provided by the private sector E-democracy Information Society -Globalization and international competition -Integration with the European Union Providing government information and technologies with the help of technology

The Information Revolution Data Raw, unsummarized facts people died. Information Data that is made meaningful people died in Africa in 2010 due to civil wars. Knowledge Information that changes the receiver’s understanding civil war casualties in Africa in 2010 could have been prevented by the help of international peacekeeping forces.

7 Components of an Information System People Hardware Software Telecommunications Data Information Systems

Operational Level Executive Level Managerial Level The Levels of an Organization Different types of information require different types of systems

Who: Forepersons, Supervisors What: Automation of routine and repetitive activities Why:Improve org. efficiency Operational Level Executive Level Managerial Level

Who: Middle & Functional Managers What: Automation of monitoring and controlling of operational activities Why:Improve org. effectiveness Operational Level Executive Level Managerial Level

Who: Executive level Managers What: Aggregate past org. data and future projections Why:Improve org. strategy and planning Operational Level Executive Level Managerial Level

IT enables us to … Automate use IT to do same things “Informate” use IT to learn and continuously improve “Strategimate” use IT to support organization’s mission and strategy

Keys to Success (Courtesy of Jon Gant) INFORMATION People OrganizationStrategy Technology

Types of (E-govt) Relationships G2C ( Government to citizens) Tax payments G2B ( Government to businesses) Government bids and tenders information and application G2G ( Government to government) Information sharing among government agencies C2C ( Citizen to citizen) Technology-mediated communication among citizens for a public purpose (coordinating help for the victims) after an earthquake.

Types of IT Related Services Transactions and applications Job applications, business and professional licensing, and registering vehicles On-line procurement Electronic bid submission Interactive communication and information dissemination

Economics of Information Returns on computer investments Hidden Costs Information Overload Unproductive Behavior- e.g. Spam Rapid Evolution of Technology

Societal Level Data warehousing Putting all of a government’s data together in a single place Consolidating information and making it easily searchable; added value Accessability vs. Privacy Criminal Justice, Megan’s Law

Türkiye’den Bir Örnek: Üsküdar Belediyesi

Türkiye’den Bir Örnek: Üsküdar Belediyesi (Milliyet, 11 Kasım 2006) Üsküdar Belediyesi, Salacak Sahili ile park ve korularda açıkta alkol alan birçok vatandaşa para cezası kesiyor. Ceza alanlar belediyenin resmi internet sitesinde teşhir ediliyor. Uygulama yasal olmadığı gerekçesiyle eleştiri alıyor.

Amerika’dan Bir Örnek: Sanal Teşhir Tarihsel Gelişim 1990’larda özellikle çocuklara yönelik suçlar sonucunda eyaletlerde birbiri ardına yasalar çıktı Örneğin Megan’s Law, Zachary’s Law Bu süreç sonunda ABD’nin iki eyalet hariç her eyaletinde “Cinsel Suçlular Listesi” (Sex Offender Registy) tutulmaya başlandı.

Tarihsel Gelişim-2 Bu sistemde kadın ve çocuklara yönelik tecavüz, şiddet, kaçırma ve alıkoyma, ensest ve pedofili ve benzeri suçları işlemiş ve cezasını çekerek hapisten çıkan suçlular yaşadıkları adresi polise bildirmekle yükümlüdür. Polis de vatandaşlara bu kişilerin fiziksel profilini ve yaşadıkları adresleri duyurmakla yükümlüdür. Yerel yönetimler (county (ilçe) ve belediyeler bu bilgileri vatandaşlara duyurmak amacıyla web sayfalarını kullanmaya başladılar.

Organizational Level Experimentation Pilot projects, incrementalism Quality and Customer Focus Information Capital/ Learning Environment Encourage cooperation and information sharing- rewards Discourage groupthink Use external benchmarks

Individual Level More information is not better Being selective Giving Information: Who, when, how? Contextualize and transform

Main Indicators Source: Turkish Statistical Agency, 2010.

Computer Use (April-June) Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Internet Use (April-June) Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Internet Use by Age & Gender Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Internet Use by Education Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Internet Use in Turkey vs. EU Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Problems with Security Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

G2C E-Government Activities Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

G2B E-Government Activities Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Why Do Citizens Not Use E-government? Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Why Do Businesses Not Use E-government? Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

IT Related Employment in Turkey (%) Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

IT Market in OECD Countries Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.

Infrastructure for the Mobile Market Source: State Planning Organization, 2010.