(91/676/EEC) “TÜRKİYE’DE NİTRAT DİREKTİFİNİN UYGULANMASI” MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS (MARA) GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF PROTECTION AND CONTROL (91/676/EEC) “TÜRKİYE’DE NİTRAT DİREKTİFİNİN UYGULANMASI” (IMPLEMENTATION OF NITRATE DIRECTIVE IN TURKEY) Basri EVCİ Fisheries Engineer,MSc. October 23-25 2007 - ANKARA

TITLES MATRA Project Agricultural Structure in Turkey Nitrates Directive Clauses Adoption of Nitrates Directive Application of Nitrates Directive in Turkey Project MATRA Project Results of the project

Agricultural Structure Area (million ha) % of Agricultural area Total Area 66.9 Agricultural Area 21.8 Cereals 15.2 69.9 Vegetables – Flower 0.6 2.7 Permanent crops 2.4 11.0 Fallowing Lands 3.7 17.2 Irrigated Area 5.2 23.9 Natural meadow 14.6 Unused potential areas 1.9

Country-wide agricultural area use

IRRIGATED AREA IN TURKEY YIL SULANAN ALAN (1000 ha) 1960 1 319 1970 1 930 1980 2 769 1985 3 407 1990 3 840 1996 4 235 1997 4 461 1998 4 581 1999 4 643 2000 4 709 2001 4 781 2002 4 856 2003 4 921

IRRIGATED AREA IN TURKEY Years

NUMBER (Million) DISTRIBUTION Total Cattle 10.6 < 1 year 2.6 STOCKBREEDING NUMBER (Million) DISTRIBUTION Total Cattle 10.6 < 1 year 2.6 < 2 year 2.9 > 2 year dairy cattle 4.6 Other cattle 0.5 Total Chicken 297 Broilers 238.1 Egg 58.8 Turkey 5.9 Duck 0.8 Goose 1.3 Total Sheep 25.3 Adults 12.6 Lamb 12.7 Goat 6.6 Donkey 0.3 Mule 0.1 Horse 0.2

PROVINCES ACCORDING TO ANIMAL VOLUME (Top-10) (Million) (2005 ) Cattle Sheep Goat PROVINCE number ERZURUM 0.53 VAN 2.4 ANTALYA 0.55 KONYA 0.33 ŞANLIURFA 1.4 MERSIN 0.40 KARS AĞRI DİYARBAKIR 0.24 0.31 1.3 MUŞ 0.22 SAMSUN 0.30 1.2 ADANA 0.20 BALIKESİR 0.29 0.7 MANİSA 0.19 SİVAS İZMİR AFYON K.MARAŞ 0.17 AYDIN 0.28 ŞIRNAK ANKARA 0.6

CATTLE POPULATION IN TURKEY

Chicken Turkey Province Number BOLU 86.4 IZMIR 0.64 MERSIN 27.5 MANISA 0.37 BALIKESIR 19.3 0.31 SAKARYA 17.2 ESKISEHIR 0.27 DÜZCE 16.2 SANLIURFA 0.18 12.9 DIYARBAKIR 0.15 KOCAELI 12.1 MUS 0.11 KONYA 11.6 VAN ÇANAKKALE 11.1 KARAMAN 7.2 K.MARAS 0.08

CHICKEN POPULATION IN TURKEY

CHEMICAL FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION IN TURKEY Fertilizer consumption vs years

Chemical Fertilizer and Manure Consumption per Hectare Kg nitrogen /ha agricultural field Province Chemical Manure Adana 239.6 Balıkesir 85.6 104.3 Bartın 76.0 Edirne 110.6 Bolu 396.4 Hatay 158.4 Düzce 115.5 İzmir 97.6 Erzurum 81.5 Kahramanmaraş 112.9 80.3 Niğde 122.2 Kocaeli 89.2 Osmaniye 151.5 Mersin 70.7 Sakarya 184.8 88.7 Tekirdağ 118.0 Tunceli 75.1

Hektar başına kimyasal ve hayvansal gübre tüketimi (kg azot/ha tarım alanı.)

Tarım alanı başına düşen hayvan sayısı (hayvan ünitesi/ha tarım alanı

Hektar başına hayvansal gübre tüketimi (azot hayvansal/ha)

Clauses of Nitrates Directive Determination of Polluted Waters Determination of Vulnerable Zones Good Agricultural Practices For farmers For environment Preparation of Action Plan Monitoring Results and Reporting Obeying Clauses of Legislation

ADAPTING NITRATES DIRECTIVE According to EU legislative alignment; “Protection of Water Against Agricultural Nitrate Pollution Bylaw” that corresponds to Nitrates Directive 91/696 EEC, came into force with the Official Gazette dated February 18,2004 numbered 25377.

Application of Nitrates Directive in Turkey Project “Application of Nitrates Directive in Turkey Project”, had been prepared in order to assist application of Nitrates Directive, that was financed within MATRA program of Holland Government; launched in January 2005 and finalized in December 2006.

Results of Application of Nitrates Directive in Turkey Project

Nitrate (surface waters / ground waters) monitoring sampling stations İzleme noktaları Nitrate (surface waters / ground waters) monitoring sampling stations

Average nitrate values for surface waters in 2005-2006 2005-2006 yılları yüzey suları ortalama nitrat değerleri Average nitrate values for surface waters in 2005-2006

Max nitrate values for surface waters in 2005-2006 2005-2006 yılları yüzey suları maksimum nitrat değerleri Max nitrate values for surface waters in 2005-2006

Average of average nitrate values of surface waters Yüzey suları nitrat ortalama değerlerinin ortalaması

Average of max nitrate values of surface waters Yüzey suları nitrat maksimum değerlerinin ortalaması Yüzey suları nitrat ortalama değerlerinin ortalaması Yüzey suları maksimum değerlerin ortalaması

Nitrate Concentration (mg/ L) Nitrate Concentration in surface waters (% station) Nitrate Concentration (mg/ L) <2 2-5 5-10 10-25 25-40 40-50 >50 Average % 66.3 23.9 6.1 2.3 1.2 0.0 Max % 33.4 34.6 15.9 11.9 2.2 0.6 1.4

Average nitrate values of ground waters in 2005-2006 Yer altı suları ortalama nitrat değerleri Average nitrate values of ground waters in 2005-2006

Max nitrate values of ground waters in 2005-2006 Yer altı suları maksimum nitrat değerleri Max nitrate values of ground waters in 2005-2006

Average of Max nitrate values for ground waters in 2005-2006 Yer altı suları maksimum değerlerin ortalaması

Nitrate concentration ( mg/L) <25 25-40 40-50 >50 Average 86.0 Ground water concentration in stations (% station) Nitrate concentration ( mg/L) <25 25-40 40-50 >50 Average 86.0 7.4 2.6 4.0 Max. 69.0 14.3 4.3 12.4

Application of Nitrates Directive in Turkey Project Documentation Application Plan Document for Turkey Framework Document for Good Agricultural Practices Sampling – Analysis Guide Eutrophication Guide

Results of Nitrates Directive Application (I) In consideration of year 2005, Nitrate monitoring has been carried out in 548 groundwater, 1026 surface water sampling stations. The application will take a long time because of the climate diversity and area variety and wide and different agricultural applications such as in Turkey. Pollution sourced from excess use of chemical fertilizers and manure is not widespread in national level but the pollution decreases on specific areas.

Generally, irrigated areas are the potential nitrate pollution areas, Results of Nitrates Directive Application (II) Generally, irrigated areas are the potential nitrate pollution areas, There are manure storage – usage problems iin the areas where intensive cattle and winged animal stockbreeding exist.

Technical Assistance and Twinning Project Implementation of Nitrate Directive in Turkey Project which is capacity strengthening oriented had been accepted in order to provide application of “Protection of Waters Against Nitrate Pollution By Law” to be supported by EU Pre Accession Financial Assistance.

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