The issue of Light Pollution in Europe and the world ZEKİ ASLAN ERASMUS + EU Project: EUROPEAN DARKSKY PROTECTORS Porto Bello Hotel 29-30 October 2016 / Antalya

What is light pollution? International Dark-Sky Association (IDA): “Any adverse effect of artificial light including sky glow, glare, light trespass, light clutter, decreased visibility at night, and energy waste” Glare – excessive brightness that causes visual discomfort Skyglow – brightening of the night sky over inhabited areas Light trespass – light falling where it is not intended or needed Clutter – bright, confusing and excessive groupings of light sources

Types of the Light Pollution .... Glare Sky Glow Light trespass Excess light-light clutter EK BİLGİ: http://www.isikkirliligi.org/index.php/belgeler Işık taşması: Işığın aydınlatılacak bölge sınırlarının dışına taşmasına bir örnek, Ataköy, İstanbul. Büyük şehirlerde ışık taşmasının ve yanlış yönlendirmelerin sonunda uzaya kaçmaya çalışan ışık, atmosferdeki (havadaki) parçacıklara çarparak saçılır ve parlak, aydınlık ve kocaman bir «gök parlamasına» sebep olur.

Light Pollution .... Light pollution is the light used over wrong place, at wrong time, along wrong direction, and with wrong amount! Artificial light that is allowed to illuminate, or intrude upon, areas not intended to be lit. Excess or obtrusive (annoying) light created by humans. “Kirlilik” diye tanımladığımız durumları düşünürsek, normalde olmasını istemediğimiz yerde bulunan ve oraya ait olmayan unsurlar aklımıza geliyor. Bu anlamda da ışık kirliliği, ışığın olmaması gereken yerde bulunması durumudur. Başka bir deyişle, ortamın doğal ışık miktarının, yapay ışık yani insan yapımı aydınlatma kullanılarak değiştirilmesidir. Işık kirliliğinin ortaya çıkışı uzun ve tartışma götürebilecek bir konu ama kısaca, yapay aydınlatmanın kullanılmasıyla birlikte başlamış, sanayileşmeyle genişlemiş ve tüketim toplumlarının yaratılmasıyla da bugün en üst seviyeye gelmiştir.

Lighting is not the problem, but incorrect lighting is! Şekil ayrıntılı olarak incelenebilir. Sarı renk, kullanışlı ışığın olduğu bölgeyi göstermektedir. Bunun dışına çıkan her aydınlatma/ışık, o ya da bu sebeple yanlış aydınlatma örneği olmaktadır: doğrudan göze ışık girmesi ve kısmı/geçici körlük, pencereden giren ışık, gökyüzüne kaçan ışık vs. Lighting is not the problem, but incorrect lighting is!

Correct Lighting .... Şekil ayrıntılı olarak incelenebilir. Sarı renk, kullanışlı ışığın olduğu bölgeyi göstermektedir. Bunun dışına çıkan her aydınlatma/ışık, o ya da bu sebeple yanlış aydınlatma örneği olmaktadır: doğrudan göze ışık girmesi ve kısmı/geçici körlük, pencereden giren ışık, gökyüzüne kaçan ışık vs. In general, the guiding principle to good lighting can be summed up in this concept: no light should ever be emitted above the light source's horizontal plane. Light pollution is often caused by the way light is emitted from lighting equipment. Choosing proper equipment and carefully mounting and aiming it can make a significant difference.

Sources of the Light Pollution .... All artificial lights used outside are the main sources of light pollution: Street lights Facade lighting of houses and buildings Tourist facilities Advertising boards Businesses facilities Parks and sport fields Security lights Headlights Many more…

İstanbul!

A street in Hong Kong!

Effects of light pollution .... Wildlife Ecosystems Energy Crime and security Human health Astronomy Çok alanı aynı anda etkileyen büyük bir sorun! Virtually every aspect of our physiology and behavior, ranging from sleep, to hormone secretion, to body temperature regulation, and food intake, is mediated by our internal clocks.

Effects of Light Pollution …. Astronomy The nighttime environment is a precious natural resource for all life on Earth, but the glow of uncontrolled outdoor lighting has hidden the stars and changed our perception of the night. These have inspired astronomers, artists, musicians and poets → we have developed science, nice poems and songs, beautiful paintings and others… Van Gogh painted his famous “Starry Night” in Saint Rémy, France, in 1889. Now, the Milky Way can no longer be seen from there. If he were alive today, would he still be inspired to paint “Starry Night”? The Starry Night was completed near the mental asylum of Saint-Remy, 13 months before Van Gogh's death at the age of 37. Vincent's mental instability is legend.  «For my part I know nothing with any certainty, but the sight of the stars makes me dream.” Vincent van Gogh

Note the bland and boring sky with the unshielded "glare-bomb" lights combined with other distant light pollution sky-glow above this house in Goodwood, Ontario. Note how much more interesting the sky was during the blackout of Aug 14th, 2003 the day before, even with the candle light glowing from inside the house. In dark conditions, a person's dark-adapted eye can see the light of a candle from over 10 miles away. As we are so sensitive to light, intelligently well-placed, low wattage, shielded lights are all that's needed to achieve both security and interesting skies! Todd Carlson photographed the Milky Way during the blackout and a day later once power was restored. Before and during the 2003 Northeast blackout (Photo by of Todd Carlson) The Milky Way and the stars are still there on the left, but we just don’t see them!

Composite map of the world assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012. Composite map of the world assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012. Credit: NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC

Işık Kirliliği .... Avrupa Avrupa ülkeleri, büyük şehirler. İtalya: Roma, Milan. İspanya: Madrid. Fransa: Paris. Belçika (Bürüksel) ve Hollanda (Amsterdam) beraber büyük bir aydınlık. İngiltere: Londra, Liverpool, Manchester vs. http://www.blue-marble.de/nightlights/2012

Işık Kirliliği .... Türkiye Ankara Karaman Antalya İzmir İstanbul Kayseri Mersin Konya Erzurum Diyarbakır Eskişehir Malatya Erzincan Bursa Gaziantep Şanlıurfa Adana Samsun Trabzon Van Siirt Türkiye’de de illerimizi tanımlayabiliyor, merkezleri görebiliyoruz. Işık kirliliği dediğimiz şey aslında tam olarak bu! Bunları gördüğümüzde «ne güzel, ışıl, ışıl» diyoruz ama düşündüğünüzde kimin için «ışıl ışıl» olduğuna bir cevap veremiyoruz! Eğer bizim dünya üzerinde «görmek» için kullandığımız aydınlatma, uzaydan bakıldığında bu mertebede fark edilebiliyorsa, bu demek oluyor ki biz aslında gerçekte aydınlatmak istediğimiz yerin dışındaki yerleri yani gökyüzünü aydınlatıyoruz. «Görme» denilen şeyin olabilmesi için görülen nesneden gözümüze bir ışık gelmesi gerekir. Uzaydan bu şekilde «görebiliyorsak» ışık uzaya kaçmış demektir. http://www.blue-marble.de/nightlights/2012

Europe at 2000 Europe at 2027

See the Interactive light pollution map at http://www.lightpollutionmap.info http://www.blue-marble.de/nightlights/2010

It has inspired astronomers, artists, musicians and poets but the Milky Way could become a distant memory for much of humanity, a new global atlas of light pollution suggests. First world atlas: More than 80% of the world’s population lives under light-polluted skies

To enjoy starry nights, city dwellers have to go outside cities

Saklıkent (near TUG) is used for National Star Fest since 1998 Saklıkent 35 sn Uğur İkizler, Jüpiter 20

International Dark Sky Parks http://darksky.org/idsp/parks/ An IDA International Dark Sky Park (IDSP) is a land possessing an exceptional or distinguished quality of starry nights and a nocturnal environment that is specifically protected for its scientific, natural, educational, cultural heritage, and/or public enjoyment.

Dark Sky Park. Natural Bridges USA

The Milky Way rises over Ancestral Puebloan ruins at Hovenweep National Monument, USA

The Milky Way rises over Zselic National Landscape Preservation Area, Hungary. Photo by Zoltán Kolláth. Hortobagy National Park, Hungary

What a wonderful night of 11-12 August, 2016 What a wonderful night of 11-12 August, 2016! As the prediction for annual Perseid meteor shower promised unusually high activity due to Jupiter’s gravitational influence to the stream of the debris of comet Swift-Tuttle,  was looking for really good spot to enjoy it. So I decided to spend this time in relatively new Dark Sky Park Králova Studňa in the Veľká Fatra National Park of Slovakia. The image contains 104 meteors and 94 of them were captured during only night 11/12 August between 21pm and 2am UTC (the rest a night before)! The brightest fireball was about -8 magnitude bright and for a fragment of second completely illuminated the night countryside! This overcame all my expectations and also the experience of wonderful Perseid 2015 in Kolonica Saddle. Dark Sky Park Králova Studňa in the Veľká Fatra National Park of Slovakia

The Milky Way sets over Siding Springs Observatory on the edge of Warrumbungle National Park, Australia. Photo by Ángel López-Sánchez / SSO.

Scotland Galloway Forest Park

About 600 residents, and no cities. The island only has about 600 residents, and no cities, which helps keep light pollution down. According to the BBC, the island has no public street lighting. Also, there are no cars allowed on the island. The IDA has named the English Channel island of Sark, its first "dark-sky" island. About 600 residents, and no cities. no public street lighting, no cars allowed on the island.

IDA has so far, designated over 40 IDSPs

Laws against light pollution IDA is Here to Help! IDA’s experienced staff of experts is on hand to contract with municipalities regarding their outdoor lighting plans, including the drafting of outdoor lighting ordinances. http://darksky.org/lighting/lighting-ordinances/ http://darksky.org/our-work/public-policy/mlo/ http://darksky.org/lighting/policy-makers/

Countries with Laws against light pollution USA: Many states in the USA have ligth pollution laws İTALY: http://www.lightpollution.it/cinzano/en/page95en.html   FRANCE: http://www.darkskiesawareness.org/lp-in-france.php SLOVAKIA: http://www.darkskiesawareness.org/slovene-law-pr.php http://www.darkskiesawareness.org/slovene-law.php ENGLAND & WALES: http://www.torfaen.gov.uk/en/Related-Documents/Pollution-Control/PollutionControl-LightPollution/Light-Pollution-Booklet.pdf

Laws against light pollution in Italy Regions with Regional laws against light pollution in Italy the "Lombardy Law

Czechia (Czech Republic) light and air pollution law: "Protection of the Atmosphere Act» June 1, 2002 Sloven Light Pollution Law—30 August 2007 Light Pollution Law in France , 2009 The Czechia legislation closely resembles the "Lombardy Law," which was enacted in the Lombardy region of Italy after 25,000 citizens signed petitions demanding action against obtrusive outdoor lighting.

It is claimed that the present light pollution in England will go down by 25% in 2025.

Work against light pollutinon in Turkey National Committee, under the secretariat of TÜBİTAK, met six times in 1999 to discuss the reports of the study groups. A draft of Light Pollution Bye- Law was prepared and submitted to the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources in 2001. We re-applied in 2005 and 2009 with no result!

THANK YOU! Websites of interest: www.darksky.org www.globeatnight.org www.facebook.com/GLOBEatNight twitter.com/GLOBEatNight https://djlorenz.github.io/astronomy/lp2006/overlay/dark.html http://www.isikkirliligi.org http://www.lightpollutionmap.info THANK YOU!