Can AKIN ŞAİR VE FOTOĞRAF SANATÇISI Edirne Lalapaşa DOLMEN - TÜMATA.

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Can AKIN ŞAİR VE FOTOĞRAF SANATÇISI Edirne Lalapaşa DOLMEN - TÜMATA

Edirne Lalapaşa ilçe merkezinin hemen yanında bulunan, birçoğu da köy yollarının kenarında dizili olan dolmenler 1960 yıllarında Ş.A.Kansu tarafından yeniden bulunmuştur. Ş.A.Kansu daha çok Lalapaşa ilçe sınırları içerisindeki dolmenleri tespit etmiş, çeşitli raporlar ile 19 dolmenin fotoğraf ve tanımlarını yayınlamıştır. Daha sonra Edirne Müzesince 5 tane daha dolmen tespit edilmiştir. Dolmenler, tarih öncesinde mezar olarak kullanılan iki tanesi dikili, üçüncüsü de bunların üzerine kapak gibi yatırılmış üç büyük taştan meydana gelmiş yapılardır. Trakya dolmenleri genelde ortak özelliklere sahiptirler. Dolmenler esas mezar ve giriş odaları ile bunları çevreleyen küçük bir tepeden oluşmuştur. Mezar odaları ile ön odaların yapımında boyutları 2-3 m.ye kadar olan iri taş bloklar kullanılmıştır. Esas mezar odasının dört yanı iri blokların dik olarak yerleştirilip, üzerinin de yine iri bir blok taş ile örtülmesi ile biçimlendirilmiştir. Yan taşlar, arkada küçük bir antre oluşturacak şekilde çıkıntı yapar. Odanın ön kısmındaki kenar taşına “Ruh deliği” olarak adlandırılan küçük bir delik açılmıştır. Genellikle iki tane olan giriş odaları da aynı yöntemle şekillendirilmiştir. Bazen bir ruh deliği ikinci odanın girişinde de bulunmaktadır. En öndeki giriş odası daha çok önü açık bir koridor niteliğindedir. Mezarı genellikle küçük ve alçak bir tepe çevreler. Dolmenlerden bazıları ikili, bazıları da dörtlü gruplar halindedir.

Dolmenlerin yönleri kuzeybatıya doğrudur yılında Prof.Dr. Mehmet Özdoğan başkanlığında bir ekip daha önceden bilinen 50 dolmenin dışında 24 tane daha dolmeni tespit ederek belgelemiştir. Trakya dolmenleri genel olarak Son Tunç Çağı-İlk Demir Çağı geçiş dönemine, MÖ yılları arasına tarihlendirilmektedir. Bazı görüşlere göre dolmenlerin üstünü kaplayan büyük taş üzerinde tören yapılmaktadır. Edirne Müzesi tarafından 1994 yılında Lalapaşa’da yapılan kazıda bir dolmenin içerisinde insan kemiklerine rastlanmıştır. Birden fazla kişiye ait kemikler, burasının bir aile mezarı olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Kemiklere iki odalı ve bir girişi olan dolmenin ortasındaki odada rastlanmıştır. Trakya dolmenlerinin bir devamı niteliğinde olan Yunanistan’da Batı Trakya’daki ve özellikle Bulgaristan’da Yıldız, Sakar ve Rodop olmak üzere üç dolmen bölgesi olup, bu bölgede bilinen 750 kadar dolmen bulunmaktadır.

A dolmen (also known as cromlech (Welsh), anta, Hünengrab, Hunebed, Goindol, quoit, and portal dolmen) is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of three or more upright stones supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table). Most date from the early Neolithic period (4000 to 3000 BC). Dolmens were usually covered with earth or smaller stones to form a barrow, though in many cases that covering has weathered away, leaving only the stone "skeleton" of the burial mound intact. "Dolmen" originates from the expression taol maen, which means "stone table" in Breton, and was first used archaeologically by Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne. The etymology of the German Hünenbett or Hünengrab and Dutch Hunebed all evoke the image of giants building the structures. Of other Celtic languages, "cromlech" derives from Welsh and "quoit" is commonly used in Cornwall. Anta is the term used in Portugal, and dös in Sweden. Europe Megalithic tombs are found from the Baltic Sea and North Sea coasts south to Spain and Portugal. Hunebedden are chamber tombs similar to dolmens and date to the middle Neolithic (Funnelbeaker culture, 4th millennium BC). They consist of a kerb surrounding an oval mound which covered a rectangular chamber of stones with the entrance on one of the long sides. Some have a more complex layout and include an entrance passage giving them a T-shape. It has been suggested that this means they are related to the passage graves found in Denmark and elsewhere. Dolmen sites fringe the Irish Sea and are found in south-east Ireland, Wales, Devon and Cornwall. In Ireland, however, dolmens are more to be found on the west coast, particularly in the Burren and Connemara, where some of the more well-known examples, such as Poulnabrone dolmen, are to be found. Examples have also been found in northern Ireland where they may have co-existed with the court cairn tombs. It is thought that the dolmens themselves evolved from a simpler cist burial method.

A great many examples can also be found on the Channel Island of Jersey, such as La Pouquelaye de Faldouet, La Hougue des Géonnais and La Sergenté. The most famous of these sites is La Hougue Bie a 6,000 year old neolithic site that sits inside a large mound; later a chapel was built on the top of the mound. Amongst the vast Neolithic collections of the Carnac stones in Brittany, France, several dozen dolmens are found. And all around the country, several dolmens still stand, such as the ones of Passebonneau and des Gorces near Saint-Benoît-du-Sault. Various menhirs and dolmens are located around the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Gozo. Pottery uncovered in these structures allowed the attribution of the monuments to the Tarxien cemetery culture of the Early Bronze Age.[1] This later culture is not to be confused with the Neolithic inhabitants of Malta, who built the Tarxien Temples circa 3100 BC. In France, important megalithic zones are situated in Brittany, Vendée, Quercy and in the south of France (Languedoc, Rouergue and Corsica). More than 10,000 dolmens and menhirs cover a large part of the country (west and south). Importants menhirs alignments in Brittany (Carnac's alignments count more than 1,000 menhirs) In Spain dolmens can be found in Galicia (such as Axeitos, pictured below), Catalonia (like Romanyà de la Selva or Creu d'en Cobertella) and Andalusia (like the Cueva de Menga).

Dolmens can be found all over Portugal, from simple ones [1] to the more complex examples of megalithic architecture, such as the Almendres Cromlech or the Anta Grande do Zambujeiro. In Mecklenburg and Pomerania (Germany) and Drenthe (The Netherlands), large numbers of these graves were disturbed when harbours, towns, and cities were built. The boulders were used in construction and road building. There are still many thousands left today in Europe. In Italy some dolmens can be found in the south (Puglia) and in Sardinia. In Bulgaria there are many dolmens, and more are being recorded by archaeologists. In Turkey, in the Provinces of Edirne And Kirklareli there are dolmens. They have been studied by Prof. Dr. Engin Beksaç since The largest dolmen in Europe is the Brownshill Dolmen in County Carlow, Ireland. Its capstone weighs about 150 tonnes.

Can AKIN ŞAİR VE FOTOĞRAF SANATÇISI Avrupa Müze Ödülü EDİRNE Sultan II. Bayezid Külliyesi Sağlık Müzesi TÜMATA KONSERİMİZ İÇİN TIKLAYINIZ 38&mid=8373&ItemID=12662&ItemIndex=0