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MAHATMA GANDHİ
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His full name is Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.(1869- 1948) Mahatma means the ‘supreme soul’ in Sanskrit language. Gandhi was given this name by the Nobel Prize-winning famous anti-imperialist Indian author Rabindranath Tagore. Gandhi was also officially declared by India as bapu (father) thus is also referred to in this way.
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Satyagraha ('Truth power' or 'devotion to truth') Gandhi is the creator of the philosophical movement. It is a form of thinking that does not apply to violence in the face of evil, but resist with determination. Can also be called passive resistance. On the basis of the idea is Hinduism, Buddhism, Janism (violence), Book Bible, Bhagavat Gita (a sacred text of Hinduism), Lev Tolstoy.
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He was a child of a wealthy family. Her father was grand vizier. As a child of a devout Janist family, he grew among the teachings of vegeteranism, fasting, mutual tolerance. He was married at 13, had five children.
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At age 18, he went to London University to study law. Also he studied philosophy and religions at London. After finishing the school, he returned to Bombay, he was at the bar for a while. He continued to work in different cities, such as teaching and petition.
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ISSUE : When he was a lawyer at British, Gandhi was sitting front raw the plane while going to India after finishing his law education in England. After that some officers came there and said to front part of the plane reserved for British citizen, and Indians had to sit backside of the plane. He told them ‘he is a lawyer’ but they dont care it. This event affetcts him deeply. Therefore he decided to fight with this situation.
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From here it passed to South Africa (in this period India and South Africa are British colonies). Prejudice, discrimination, racism etc. were applied by British there too. He started to resist that South Africa. During this struggle, he did not complain about the racists who attacked him. Passive resistance continued, despite whipping, torture and death sentences.
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He returned to India In 1915. He did some applying to people would have higher life standards. Realized that, Britain warned him to leave India. But people opposed it. The order was canceled.
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In 1919, Indian people gathered at Amritsar to protest a passed law. British Brigadier Reginald Dyer warn them to end protest and go home. Then they refused this request. Dyer command his soldiers to shot all of them. 379 person were killed 1200 person were wounded that day. Jallianwala Bagh massacre (movie gandhi)
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After that Britain increased pressure on the Gandhi. He convinced people to ‘boycott Britain product and produce their own goods’. They did it and it worked. Britain losed big money and respcet. Then he was locked jail by Britain authoraties at India.
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At 1928, after he got out of prison, organized people to want their liberty from Britain. But they dont care about them. So Gandhi started the ‘salt walking’ by himself. But he was walking many people participate him. After that Britain had to accept some of their requests.
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Until 1947, he was tortured, jailed, threatened many times by Britain authoraties but he never gave up. And in WWII he increased the pressure on Britain. Meanwhile Britain tried to save their people from their foes in the Europe. They couldnt provide their prevalance at India anymore. They withdraw from there. India declared independence at August 14, 1947 thanks to Gandhi’s efforts.
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After the liberty of India, Hindu Indians and Muslim Indians started to fight. Bapu wanted to them never fight and be together. They stopped in short time period but they satrted to fighting again. So Gandhi couldnt tolerate that death. He paid some money to muslim Indians (Pakistani people) to establish their country.
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At 1948, when he was together with his people in his home, he was killed by a hindu man who couldnt accept to pay money to Pakistani people.
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Love is the most subtle power in the world. Live simple so others can live too. Dont waste your time, time is lifes basic material.
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‘Until the Turks defeated Britain, I supposed Britain was god.’
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His August 30 declaration; ‘At August 30, Turkish armies trigerred an hope not only their countries but also all of opresses countires in the World. Turkish armies bring the curtain down. Now opress countries have a irreplaceable way. Mustafa Kemal’s triumph is starboard of freedom and liberty for the World.’
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