NOISE AND WORKPLACE NOISE MEASUREMENTS Hüseyin SEZEK Physicist İSGÜM Kocaeli Regional Chief

Content - Introduction to Physical Factor Measurements Noise Noise Measurements - Methods - Equipment - Measurement and Evaluation - Report - Related Legal Regulation Noise Measurement and Evaluation Practices

THE OTHER PHYSICAL FACTORS A QUICK GLANCE TO THE OTHER PHYSICAL FACTORS Vibration T.Comfort

EQUIPMENT USED

WORKPLACE MEASUREMENTS HAND – ARM VIBRATION WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

HAND-ARM VIBRATION EXPOSURE CALCULATION TS EN ISO 5349-1 and 2

WHOLE BODY VIBRATION CALCULATION TS EN ISO 2631-1 and 2

THERMAL COMFORT * Kişinin bulunduğu termal çevreden memnuniyetini ifade eden zihin algılaması. (ISO 7730) * Ortalama giyimli bir insanın ne çok sıcak ne çok soğuk hissetmesi.

FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT *ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS: - Air Temperature - Radiant Temperature - Air flow - Humidity *PERSONAL FACTORS : - Clothing - Metabolic rate

Wet Bulb Glob Temperature EQUIPMENT USED Wet Bulb Glob Temperature WBGT

TS EN 27243 Hot environments; estimation of the heat stress on working man, based on the WBGT-index (wet bulb globe temperature)

Occupational Health and Safety Bylaw (İ. S. İ. G Occupational Health and Safety Bylaw (İ.S.İ.G.T) (Article 20) ve (Article 21) “In closed workplaces sıcaklık ve nem derecesinin, yapılan işin niteliğine uygun olmakla beraber it must be warm esastır. Temperature must be between 15 ºC and 30 ºC at workplaces having steam a lot,. Yapılan işin niteliğine göre sürekli olarak çok sıcak veya çok soğuk bir derecede çalışılması ve bu durumun değiştirilmemesi zorunlu olunan hallerde, işçilere kendilerini fazla sıcaktan ve soğuktan koruyacak özellikte iş elbisesi v.s. malzeme verilecektir” hükmü bulunmaktadır. “Closed workplaces must be ventilated thoroughly at least once in a day. Ayrıca işçilerin çalışma sürelerinde işin özelliği, havanın sağlığa zararlı bir hal almaması için sık değiştirilmelidir. İş sırasında yapılan bu havalandırma işçileri etkileyecek hava akımları önlenecek, yada kış aylarında sıcaklık ani olarak çok aşağı hadlere düşürülmeyecektir. At workplaces, where suffocating, toxic or irritant gas exist çalışanların sağlıklarının tehlikeye girmemesi için ventilation installation must be made ve işçilere ayrıca yapılan işin özelliğine göre maske ve diğer koruyucu araç ve gereçler verilecektir .”hükümleri yer almaktadır.

Acceptable temperature ASHRAE Standard-55-2004 Conditions Acceptable temperature °C °F Summer (cloth. isolation = 0.5 clo) Rel. humidity 30% 24.5 - 28 76 - 82 Rel. humidity 60% 23 - 25.5 74 - 78 Winter (cloth. isolation = 1.0 clo) 20.5 - 25.5 69 - 78 20 - 24 68 - 75 Source: National Research Council (Canada) Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort in Open-Plan Offices, Construction Technology Update No. 64 , October 2005 http://irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/pubs/ctus/64_e.html 15

WBGT CALCULATION WBGT= 0,7*Tempwet bulb + 0,2*Tempglobe+0,1*Tempair *Directly exposure to sun light:  WBGT= 0,7*Tempwet bulb + 0,2*Tempglobe+0,1*Tempair *Generally indoor: WBGT= 0,7* Tempwet bulb + 0,3* Tempglobe *If environment conditions changes: (TWA) WBGT=WBGT1 *t1+WBGT2 *t2+.......+WBGTN*tn t1 +t2 +...............+tn

ILLUMINATION

TS EN 12464-1 Occup. Health and Safety Baylaw Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 1: Indoor work places TS EN 12464-1 Occup. Health and Safety Baylaw Recomended Lighting Values No Division Limit Value (lux) 1 Open area, entrance roads 20 2 Indoor roads, stairs 50 3 Transporting and storing 4 Basic assembly works 100 5 Boiler house, storage area, lift cabines, dressing areas, mashine room, dining room, toilets 6 Normal mounting, rough work counters, 200 7 Areas where made detailed works 300 8 Office, works requiring care 500 9 Delicate works 1000

NOISE EXPOSURE MEASUREMENTS AND REPORT AT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

SOUND: is a wave stemming from vibration of objects and proceeding in constricting-expansion shaped from place to another place in a suitable media.

Interval of Sound Frequency A young and healthy ear generally hears the sounds among 20 Hz. and 20000 Hz.

Generally, it is defined as unwanted and disturbing sound. NOISE, Generally, it is defined as unwanted and disturbing sound. Pressure Changes in a Medium Caused by Vibrations or Turbulence

Noise at Industry is defined as sounds affecting workers physiologically and affecting work-output negatively.

NOISE TYPES Stable noise (automatized factories) Unstable noise (shipyard building) Impulse noise (weapon) ……….

Hearing Loss resulting from noise is an occupational disease for employees. Factors are: 1 - Intensity, 2 - Frequency, 3 - Duration, 4 - Sensibility, 5 - Age, 6 - Gender

Possible Effects of Noise on You Temporary Hearing Loss Permanent Hearing Loss Low Birth Weight Premature Birth Anxiety Nervousness Sleep Loss Digestive Disorders Aggravation of Ulcers Hypertension Increases Heart Rate Increased Blood Pressure Increase in Respiration and Oxygen Consumption Increase in Sweating Disruption in Communications

Equivalent Continual Sound Level An average RMS level obtained via being divided of total acoustical energy,which belongs to measured sound pressure levels in a certain T-period, to measurement time and calculated electronically.

pain treshold damaging music speaking hearing

Common Decibel Levels 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 Decibels Jet Engine Private Plane Power Saw Chain Saw Leaf Blower Hair Dryer Rock Concert Video Arcade Snowmobile Explosion Gun Shot Lawn Mower Normal Speech 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 Decibels

EQUIPMENTS USED

SOUND LEVEL METER DOSIMETERS Cabled/Non-cabled Type 0: Laboratory standard Type 1: Precise (Lab. and area) Type 2: Versatile (generally area) Type 3: Control (area) SOUND LEVEL METER DOSIMETERS Cabled/Non-cabled

A scale: for human hearing B scale: by telephone companies C scale: for all sounds

DISPLAY

LEGAL REGULATION 6/2/2003 date and 2003/10/EC directive based Noise Regulation with 23/12/2003 date and 25325 number came into force on 23/12/2006 Adopts daily personal exposure Bases on TSE 2607 standard about measurement method and calculation of exposure mentions about necessary measures to protect employees from harmful effects of noise and oblige employer to ensure them taking needed responsibility on this subject

NOISE EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUE LEX, 8h = 87 dB (A) ve ppeak = 200 µ Pa= 140 dB(C) !!! You must take into consideration SNR values of ear protection!!!

NOISE ACTION VALUES the highest action value Lex,8h = 85 dB (A) ppeak = 137 dB (C) the lowest action value Lex,8h = 80 dB (A) ppeak = 135 dB (C)

AT WORKPLACE SURVEYS personal noise exposures have been measured. - in accordance with TS EN 2607 ISO 1999 Determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment TS EN ISO 9612 standards Determination of occupational noise exposure - Engineering method (ISO/FDIS 9612:2008) at all working areas where workers are, with type 1 sound level meters with compatible IEC 651/804 standard and IEC61252 noise dosimeters, personal noise exposures have been measured.

before measuring noise we should know… divisions of factory and number of workers at what division which worker? by what equiments? and how long? grouping of who make the same work / who work at the same division noise types (stable, unstable, peak) work frequency routine work or more/lower)

ACOUSTIC CALIBRATION Calibration Before and after measurements you must calibrate the sound level meter or dosimeter. This process ensures you to control whether the equipment works well or not.

NOISE MEASUREMENT WITH “SLM”

DAILY EXPOSURE CALCULATION

daily exposure calculation for different works TS 2607 ISO 1999:2005 daily exposure calculation for different works TS 20607 ISO 1999:2005 STANDARTINA UYGUN DEĞERLENDİRME LEX, 8h=LAeq,Te+10 log (Te/T0)

DAILY EXPOSURE CALCULATION   (LAeq dB) Time (min) Görev 1 100 5 1/T Görev 2 70 120 0,002083333 Görev 3 99,6 Görev 4 92,7 60 Görev 5 62,8 240 Görev 6 89,4 50 iç formül Total time 480 252531260238 üs1 üs2 LAeq,T (dB)= 87,21073909 10000000000 10000000 LEX, 8h (dB)= üs3 üs4 9120108394 1862087137 üs5 üs6 1905460,718 870963590 Te (dak) T0 (dak) leq1/10 leq2/10 leq3/10 leq4/10 leq5/10 leq6/10 10 7 9,96 9,27 6,28 8,94 LAeq,T: Çalışılan süre içerisinde maruz kalınan eşdeğer gürültü seviyesi LEX, 8h : Günlük 8 saate normalize edilmiş kişisel maruziyet

POSITON OF MICROPHONE IN INDOOR

Height of microphone from ground

Max.permissible time without PPE REPORT Division / Worker The sort of work (Leq,dB(A) Timemin. (Lex,8) dB(A) Ppeak dB(C) Max.permissible time without PPE 1 NOLU KIRMA FABRİKASI (Makinist işçileri) Turgut SULU Ekrem ACAR Münir GÜL Kumanda Odası 72,9 290 90,9 98,1 Kırma Kontrol Ortamı 95,5 30 119,5 42 / 0,7 2.Kat Kabuklu elekler 91,5 109,9 107 / 1,8 2.Kat İç Ambar 84,8 104,0 3.Kat Kabuklu elekler 97,9 114,9 25 / 0,4 3.Kat İç Ambar 92,6 111,6 83 / 1,4 4.Kat 97,8 115,1 Merdivenler 86,3 10 109,5 355 / 5,9 DOLUM ÜNİTESİ Mehmet Demirci Kantar dolum 89,3 120 88,9 108,7 177 / 2,9 Toz elek ve ortam 88,7 360 106,4 205 / 3,4 ÖN LAZER Kabin işçileri Kabin 1 (Girişte sağda) 99,1 480 116,8 19 / 0,3 Kabin 2 (Girişte solda) 99,6 17 / 0,3 Kabin 3 (Girişte karşıda) 98,3 116,7 22 / 0,4 Seçkin ÇİLELİ Forklift işçisi İçeriden yük alma ve dışarı yük indirme 87,6 112,4 263 / 4,4 Nurcan ATMACA Kantar İşçisi 95,6 111,3

REPORT Division / Worker The sort of work (LC,dB(C) SNR Act. Level in ear LET dB Protection level 1 NOLU KIRMA FABRİKASI (Makinist işçileri) Turgut SULU Ekrem ACAR Münir GÜL Kumanda Odası 85,0 28 66 High Kırma Kontrol Ortamı 97,0 78 Good 2.Kat Kabuklu elekler 92,0 73 Acceptable 2.Kat İç Ambar 85,9 66,9 3.Kat Kabuklu elekler 97,9 78,9 3.Kat İç Ambar 93,9 74,9 4.Kat 98,2 79,2 Merdivenler 91,0 72 DOLUM ÜNİTESİ Mehmet Demirci Kantar dolum 89,2 70,2 Toz elek ve ortam ÖN LAZER Kabin işçileri Kabin 1 (Girişte sağda) 99,5 76,5 Kabin 2 (Girişte solda) 99,8 76,8 Kabin 3 (Girişte karşıda) 99,4 76,4 Seçkin ÇİLELİ Forklift işçisi İçeriden yük alma ve dışarı yük indirme 89,9 Nurcan ATMACA Kantar İşçisi 97,2 74,2

Noise mapping ?? İş yeri Gürültü Haritası Örneği

ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE MEASUREMENT - different ministry and regulation - strategic noise maps - Lden (day, evening, night noise indicator) - different standards and methods - highway traffic noise - railway noise

Bring health and safety forward please… hsezek@csgb.gov.tr شُكْرًا